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Detoxication
Detoxication products are the major metabolites formed from most drug metabolism. There are two common patterns observed:
- A drug with potent pharmacological activity is converted to a major metabolite with markedly reduced or no pharmacological activity (e.g., Pentobarbital and Hydroxypentobarbital)
- A drug is converted to a metabolite with roughly equivalent or slightly lower pharmacological activity.
Detoxication differs from detoxification.[citation needed] Detoxification is the process of removing toxins from the body, while detoxication is the process of preventing toxic entities from entering the body in the first place.[citation needed] Detoxication occurs in the liver and kidneys, through biotransformation: a series of chemical alterations of a compound (e.g., a drug) occurring within the body, as by enzymatic activity. Often this occurs as conjugation with a polar compound making it less toxic and or easier to excrete. Example of detoxification are: Administration of chelators for heavy metal poisoning,[citation needed] hyperbaric oxygen treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning[citation needed]and treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with ethanol.[citation needed]
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