Detergents
Detergents
Detergents (/dɪˈtɜːrdʒənts/) are a type of cleaning agent that are primarily used for removing dirt and, in some cases, neutralizing odors. The term is derived from the Latin word detergere, meaning to wipe away.
History
The use of detergents dates back to ancient times, with the earliest known use being by the Sumerians who used plant extracts to clean cloth. The modern synthetic detergents we use today were developed in the mid-20th century, primarily as a response to a shortage of fats and oils during World War II.
Types of Detergents
There are several types of detergents, each with their own specific uses and properties. These include:
- Anionic Detergents: These are the most commonly used detergents and are effective in removing dirt and grease.
- Cationic Detergents: These are mainly used as disinfectants and fabric softeners.
- Non-ionic Detergents: These are particularly effective in removing dirt from fabrics.
- Zwitterionic Detergents: These are used in shampoos and other personal care products due to their mildness.
Use in Medicine
In the medical field, detergents are used for a variety of purposes. They are used in the cleaning and sterilization of surgical instruments, in the preparation of skin for surgery, and in the treatment of certain skin conditions.
Environmental Impact
The use of detergents can have a significant impact on the environment. Many detergents contain phosphates, which can cause water pollution when they enter rivers and lakes. There is also concern about the use of non-biodegradable detergents, which can persist in the environment for many years.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Detergents
- Wikipedia's article - Detergents
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