Detergent
Detergent
Detergent (/dɪˈtɜːrdʒənt/) is a substance that is used for cleaning. The term is often used to differentiate between soap and other surfactants used for cleaning.
Etymology
The term "detergent" originates from the Latin word detergere, meaning "to wipe away".
Definition
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions." These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water, because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar carboxylate (of soap) to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water.
Types of Detergents
There are three main types of detergents: anionic detergents, cationic detergents, and non-ionic detergents.
- Anionic Detergents: These detergents produce a lot of foam and are good for cleaning. They are the most common type of detergent.
- Cationic Detergents: These detergents are mainly used for disinfecting and conditioning. They are often used in shampoos and conditioners.
- Non-Ionic Detergents: These detergents do not produce a lot of foam and are good for cleaning delicate items. They are often used in dishwashing liquids and laundry detergents.
Related Terms
- Surfactant: A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to spread more easily.
- Soap: A substance used for cleaning that is made by combining fats or oils with an alkali, such as lye.
- Hard Water: Water that has high mineral content, usually calcium and magnesium.
- Alkylbenzenesulfonates: A family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Detergent
- Wikipedia's article - Detergent
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