Desalination

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Desalination

Desalination (pronunciation: /ˌdiːsælɪˈneɪʃən/) is a process that extracts mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil desalination, which is an issue for agriculture.

Etymology

The term "desalination" is derived from the Latin word "desalinator," which means "to remove salt."

Process

Desalination processes may be divided into two main types: Distillation and Membrane process. Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the vapor into a clean container, leaving solid contaminants behind. Membrane processes use semi-permeable membranes and pressure to separate salts from water.

Related Terms

  • Distillation: A process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation.
  • Membrane process: A series of methods that pass water through a semi-permeable membrane to separate particles, such as salt, from water.
  • Saline water: Water that contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl). The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ‰) or parts per million (ppm).
  • Agriculture: The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

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