Dermatophytes
Dermatophytes
Dermatophytes (/dɜːrˈmætəfaɪts/), from the Greek derma meaning "skin" and phyte meaning "plant", are a group of fungi that have the ability to invade the skin, hair, and nails of humans and animals. They are the causative agents of dermatophytosis, a common condition also known as tinea or ringworm.
Etymology
The term "dermatophyte" is derived from the Greek words derma meaning "skin" and phyte meaning "plant". This reflects the ability of these organisms to invade and live on the skin.
Classification
Dermatophytes are classified into three genera: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Each genus is further divided into several species, each of which has a specific host range and clinical manifestation.
Pathogenesis
Dermatophytes are keratinophilic, meaning they have the ability to use keratin, a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails, as a source of nutrition. This allows them to invade these tissues and cause infection. The severity of the infection depends on the host's immune response and the virulence of the dermatophyte species.
Clinical Manifestations
Dermatophyte infections can manifest in various ways, depending on the site of infection and the species of dermatophyte involved. Common manifestations include tinea capitis (scalp ringworm), tinea corporis (body ringworm), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (nail fungus).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of dermatophyte infections is typically made through clinical examination and confirmed by laboratory tests, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation and culture.
Treatment
Treatment of dermatophyte infections typically involves the use of antifungal medications, either topically or systemically, depending on the severity and location of the infection. Commonly used antifungals include terbinafine, itraconazole, and griseofulvin.
Prevention
Prevention of dermatophyte infections involves maintaining good personal hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals, and keeping the skin dry and clean.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Dermatophytes
- Wikipedia's article - Dermatophytes
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