Dental caries

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Dental caries

Dental caries (pronounced /ˈkɛəriːz/), also known as tooth decay or cavities, is a common disease that results in damage to the tooth structure. The disease is caused by specific types of bacteria that produce acid in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose.

Etymology

The term "caries" is derived from the Latin word for "rottenness". It was first used in English in the 17th century and has been used in dentistry to describe tooth decay since the 18th century.

Causes

Dental caries is caused by the action of acids on the enamel surface. The acid is produced when sugars (mainly sucrose) in foods or drinks react with bacteria present in the biofilm (dental plaque) on the tooth surface. The mineral content of the teeth is sensitive to increases in acidity from the production of lactic acid.

Prevention

Prevention of dental caries includes regular cleaning of the teeth, a diet low in sugar, and small amounts of fluoride. Regular cleaning of the teeth removes the plaque that causes caries. A diet low in sugar reduces the availability of substrate for acid production. Fluoride helps prevent caries by enhancing the remineralization of tooth enamel.

Treatment

Treatment of dental caries depends on the extent of the disease. Early caries may be reversible with fluoride and/or dietary changes. More severe caries may require a filling, crown, root canal, or extraction.

Related terms

  • Dentin: The layer of the tooth beneath the enamel that can be affected by caries.
  • Enamel: The hard, outer layer of the tooth that is the first line of defense against caries.
  • Plaque: A sticky film that forms on teeth and contains bacteria that contribute to caries.
  • Cavity: A hole in the tooth caused by caries.

External links

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