DNA annotation
DNA Annotation
DNA annotation (pronounced: dee-en-ay an-no-tay-shun) is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do.
Etymology
The term "DNA annotation" is derived from the English language. "DNA" is an acronym for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. "Annotation" comes from the Latin word "annotatio", meaning a noting or marking.
Process
The process of DNA annotation involves several steps. First, the DNA sequence is determined. This sequence is then analyzed to identify genes, which are regions of the DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins. The function of these proteins is then determined, which provides information about the function of the genes.
Tools
There are several tools and databases available for DNA annotation, including BLAST, GenBank, and Ensembl. These tools allow researchers to compare a DNA sequence with known sequences in order to identify genes and determine their function.
Related Terms
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Gene: A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.
- Protein: A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
- DNA sequence: The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
- BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, a tool that finds regions of similarity between biological sequences.
- GenBank: The NIH genetic sequence database, an annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences.
- Ensembl: A genome browser providing information about a wide range of species, primarily vertebrates.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA annotation
- Wikipedia's article - DNA annotation
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