Cytosine arabinoside

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Cytosine Arabinoside

Cytosine arabinoside (pronunciation: sy-toe-seen a-ra-bi-no-side), also known as Ara-C or cytarabine, is a chemotherapy medication used primarily in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lymphoma, and meningitis caused by leukemia or lymphoma.

Etymology

The term "cytosine arabinoside" is derived from its chemical structure, which is a combination of cytosine and arabinose. Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, while arabinose is a type of sugar molecule.

Usage

Cytosine arabinoside works by interfering with the synthesis of DNA, thereby inhibiting the growth and proliferation of rapidly dividing cancer cells. It is administered intravenously or intrathecally, depending on the specific condition being treated.

Side Effects

Common side effects of cytosine arabinoside include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bone marrow suppression, which can lead to a decrease in blood cell counts. More serious side effects may include lung inflammation, pancreatitis, and damage to the nervous system.

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