Cytochrome c

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Cytochrome c (pronounced: /ˈsaɪtoʊkroʊm si:/) is a small heme protein found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It is involved in the electron transport chain, playing a crucial role in cellular respiration and the production of ATP.

Etymology

The term "cytochrome" comes from the Greek words "kytos" meaning "cell" and "chroma" meaning "color". The "c" in cytochrome c refers to the particular type of heme group it contains.

Function

Cytochrome c is a component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It accepts electrons from Complex III (also known as cytochrome bc1 complex or ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase) and transfers them to Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), facilitating the final step in the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Structure

Cytochrome c is a small protein of about 100 amino acids. It contains a single heme group, which is a complex of iron and protoporphyrin IX. The iron atom in the heme group can exist in a reduced state (Fe2+) or an oxidized state (Fe3+), allowing it to accept and donate electrons.

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