Cyclopropane
Cyclopropane
Cyclopropane (pronounced: /ˈsaɪkləʊprəʊpeɪn/) is a type of hydrocarbon that is classified as an alkane. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and is the smallest cycloalkane, consisting of three carbon atoms arranged in a ring, with each carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
Etymology
The term "cyclopropane" is derived from the Greek words "kyklos" meaning "circle" and "propane" which is a type of alkane. The name reflects the molecule's structure, which is a ring (or "cycle") of three carbon atoms.
Structure and Properties
Cyclopropane's structure is characterized by a three-membered ring of carbon atoms. This configuration results in bond angles of approximately 60 degrees, which is significantly less than the optimal 109.5 degrees for sp3 hybridized carbon atoms. This angle strain leads to the molecule's high reactivity.
Cyclopropane is a colorless gas at room temperature and has a slightly sweet odor. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether.
Synthesis
Cyclopropane can be synthesized through several methods, including the reaction of 1,3-dibromopropane with zinc dust, or the reaction of 1,3-dichloropropane with zinc dust.
Uses
Cyclopropane was once used as an anesthetic, but its use has largely been discontinued due to its flammability and potential to cause cardiac arrhythmias. Today, it is primarily used in the synthesis of other organic compounds.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cyclopropane
- Wikipedia's article - Cyclopropane
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