Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans (krip-toh-kok-us nee-oh-for-mans) is a species of fungus that can cause a severe form of meningitis, especially in individuals with a weakened immune system.
Etymology
The name Cryptococcus neoformans is derived from the Greek words kryptos meaning hidden, kokkos meaning granule, neo meaning new, and formans meaning forming.
Description
Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast that reproduces by budding. It is encapsulated, meaning it has a protective layer around its cell wall. This encapsulation helps the organism to resist phagocytosis and survive in the human body.
Disease
Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans can lead to a disease called cryptococcosis. This disease primarily affects the central nervous system and can cause meningitis, a potentially fatal inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
Transmission
Cryptococcus neoformans is found in soil and bird droppings, especially pigeon droppings. Humans can become infected by inhaling the fungal spores.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans infection is made by identifying the yeast in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid or blood. This can be done using a variety of techniques, including microscopy, culture, and antigen detection.
Treatment
Treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans infection typically involves antifungal medications, such as amphotericin B and flucytosine. In severe cases, surgery may be required to relieve pressure on the brain.
Prevention
Prevention of Cryptococcus neoformans infection involves avoiding exposure to bird droppings and areas with a high concentration of fungal spores, especially for individuals with a weakened immune system.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cryptococcus neoformans
- Wikipedia's article - Cryptococcus neoformans
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