Cotton wool spots

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Cotton Wool Spots

Cotton wool spots (pronunciation: /ˈkɒt(ə)n wʊl spɒts/) are white or grayish patches that appear on the retina due to damage to the nerve fibers. They are a common finding in many systemic diseases and can be seen during a fundus examination.

Etymology

The term "cotton wool spots" is derived from their appearance, which is similar to cotton wool. The term was first used in the medical literature in the late 19th century.

Causes

Cotton wool spots can be caused by a variety of conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, HIV, and lupus. They can also be a sign of retinal vein occlusion or retinal artery occlusion.

Symptoms

Cotton wool spots themselves do not cause symptoms. However, the underlying conditions that cause them can lead to symptoms such as blurred vision, floaters, and loss of vision.

Diagnosis

Cotton wool spots are diagnosed through a fundus examination, which involves looking at the back of the eye with a special instrument called an ophthalmoscope. Other tests, such as fluorescein angiography, may also be used.

Treatment

Treatment for cotton wool spots involves managing the underlying condition. This may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or in some cases, surgery.

Related Terms

External links

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