Contraceptive
Contraceptive
A contraceptive (/kɒntrəˈsɛptɪv/) is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. The term is derived from the Latin words "contra," meaning against, and "conceptus," meaning conception or fertilization.
Types of Contraceptives
There are several types of contraceptives, including:
- Barrier methods: These prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples include condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps.
- Hormonal methods: These prevent ovulation or make it difficult for an egg to implant in the uterus. Examples include birth control pills, patches, injections, and implants.
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs): These are inserted into the uterus and prevent sperm from reaching the egg or prevent an egg from implanting in the uterus.
- Emergency contraception: This is used after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. Examples include morning-after pills and copper IUDs.
- Sterilization: This is a permanent method of contraception that involves a surgical procedure.
Effectiveness
The effectiveness of contraceptives varies depending on the method used. Some methods, like sterilization and IUDs, are over 99% effective. Others, like condoms and birth control pills, are less effective, especially if not used correctly.
Risks and Side Effects
All contraceptives have potential risks and side effects. These can include hormonal changes, increased risk of certain diseases, and physical discomfort. It's important to discuss these risks with a healthcare provider before choosing a contraceptive method.
History
The use of contraceptives dates back to ancient times. Early methods included barrier methods like pessaries and spermicides. The first hormonal contraceptives were developed in the 20th century.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Contraceptive
- Wikipedia's article - Contraceptive
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