Congenital anomaly

Congenital anomaly

A congenital anomaly, also known as a birth defect, is a condition that is present at birth, regardless of its cause. These anomalies can result in physical disabilities, intellectual disability, or can be asymptomatic.

Pronunciation

Congenital: /kənˈjenɪtl/
Anomaly: /əˈnɒməli/

Etymology

The term "congenital" is derived from Latin congenitus, which means "born with". The term "anomaly" is derived from the Greek word anomalía, meaning "irregularity".

Types of Congenital Anomalies

Congenital anomalies can be classified into two main types: structural anomalies and functional or metabolic anomalies.

Structural anomalies are physical defects present in a baby at birth. They can affect any part of the body, including the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, intestines, and the brain. Examples include congenital heart defects, cleft lip and palate, and spina bifida.

Functional or metabolic anomalies are defects in the body's biochemistry. These are often not visible, but can lead to health problems. Examples include phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism.

Causes

The exact cause of many congenital anomalies is unknown. However, known causes can include genetic factors, environmental factors, and certain infections during pregnancy.

Genetic factors can include single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, and multifactorial inheritance.

Environmental factors can include exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or radiation during pregnancy.

Infections during pregnancy can include rubella, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Congenital anomaly
Wikipedia's article - Congenital anomaly

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