Coccidioides immitis

Coccidioides immitis

Coccidioides immitis (pronunciation: kok-sid-ee-oy-deez im-uh-tis) is a pathogenic fungus that resides in the soil of certain parts of the United States, particularly in the southwestern regions. It is the causative agent of Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley Fever.

Etymology

The term Coccidioides is derived from the Greek words 'kokkos' meaning 'berry', and 'eidos' meaning 'resemblance'. Immitis is a Latin word that translates to 'harsh' or 'cruel', referring to the severe disease that this fungus can cause.

Description

Coccidioides immitis is a dimorphic fungus, meaning it can exist in two different forms. In the environment, it exists as a mold with long filaments and spores. When these spores are inhaled by a susceptible host, they transform into spherules, a form that can survive and multiply within the host's body.

Disease

Infection with Coccidioides immitis leads to Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley Fever. This disease primarily affects the lungs and can range from a mild, flu-like illness to severe pneumonia. In rare cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body such as the skin, bones, joints, and the central nervous system, a condition known as disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis is typically made through laboratory tests that detect antibodies against Coccidioides immitis in the blood. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, particularly for severe or disseminated disease.

Prevention

Prevention strategies primarily involve reducing exposure to dust and soil in areas where Coccidioides immitis is known to exist.

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