Clozapine

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Clozapine

Clozapine (/kloʊˈzæpiːn/), also known as Clozaril, is an antipsychotic medication primarily used to treat schizophrenia.

Pronunciation

The pronunciation of Clozapine is /kloʊˈzæpiːn/.

Etymology

The term "Clozapine" is derived from the chemical name 8-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine. The drug was first synthesized in the late 1950s.

Usage

Clozapine is used to treat severe schizophrenia in patients who do not respond to other medications. It is also used to decrease the risk of suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or similar disorders.

Mechanism of Action

Clozapine works by blocking receptors in the brain, specifically dopamine type 4 (D4), serotonin type 2 (5-HT2), norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and histamine receptors. It is known to have a high affinity for the D4 receptor and the ability to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Clozapine include drowsiness, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, constipation, excessive salivation, and weight gain. Serious side effects may include low white blood cell count, inflammation of the heart, seizures, and increased mortality in older people with dementia.

Related Terms

External links

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