Citrus sinensis

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Citrus sinensis

Citrus sinensis (pronunciation: /ˈsɪtrəs sɪˈneɪsɪs/), commonly known as the sweet orange, is a species of Citrus native to China. It is a small tree in the family Rutaceae, grown for its sweet fruit, also known as the orange.

Etymology

The name Citrus sinensis is derived from the Latin words citrus meaning "citron" and sinensis meaning "from China". The common name "sweet orange" distinguishes this species from the bitter orange and the mandarin orange.

Description

The Citrus sinensis tree is small to medium in size, with a rounded crown and glossy, evergreen leaves. The flowers are white and fragrant, and the fruit is a hesperidium, a type of berry with a leathery rind known as a peel. The fruit is divided into segments, which are filled with juice vesicles.

Cultivation and uses

Citrus sinensis is widely cultivated for its sweet fruit, which is peeled or cut (to avoid the bitter rind) and eaten whole, or processed to extract orange juice, and for its fragrant peel, which is used in cooking and baking. It is also used in traditional medicine and in the production of essential oil.

Related terms

  • Citrus: The genus to which Citrus sinensis belongs.
  • Hesperidium: A type of berry with a leathery rind, characteristic of all citrus fruits.
  • Rutaceae: The family of flowering plants to which Citrus sinensis belongs.

External links

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