Cisplatin

Information about Cisplatin

Cisplatin is the prototype platinum coordination complex classified as an alkylating agent and used intravenously in the treatment of several forms of cancer. 

Liver safety of Cisplatin

Cisplatin has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and with rare cases of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.

Mechanism of action of Cisplatin

Cisplatin (sis pla' tin) was the first chemotherapeutic agent of its subclass to be discovered.  It is an inorganic, water soluble complex containing a central platinum atom surrounded by 2 chlorine atoms and ammonia moieties in the cis position in the horizontal plane.  Cisplatin forms irreversible covalent links with DNA, causing cross linking of DNA chains as well as breaks in the DNA chain and missense mutations.  The DNA injury triggers cell death and inhibits RNA and protein synthesis, particularly in rapidly dividing cells.  Cisplatin has activity against multiple tumor types and was approved for use by the United States in 1978. 

Clinical use of Cisplatin

Current indications include testicular, ovarian and bladder cancer.  It is also used in combination with other agents in head and neck, breast, lung and colon cancer. 

Dosage and administration for Cisplatin

Cisplatin is administered parenterally and is available in 50 and 100 mg vials in generic forms and under the brand name Platinol.  The recommended doses varies by indication, tumor type, patient age and body weight. 

Side effects of Cisplatin

• Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, electrolyte imbalance, neuropathy, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.  Cisplatin is mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic and its use has been show to increase the risk of secondary malignancies, particularly leukemia.

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