Chronic pyelonephritis

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Chronic Pyelonephritis

Chronic pyelonephritis (/ˌpaɪəloʊnɪˈfraɪtɪs/; from Greek πυελος pyelos "basin", νεφρος nephros "kidney", and -itis "inflammation") is a type of urinary tract infection that affects the kidney and can lead to kidney failure if not treated promptly.

Etymology

The term "pyelonephritis" is derived from the Greek words "pyelo" (basin), "nephros" (kidney), and "-itis" (inflammation). The prefix "chronic" indicates that the condition is long-lasting or recurrent.

Symptoms

Symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis may include pain in the lower back or side, fever, frequent urination, and blood in the urine (hematuria).

Causes

Chronic pyelonephritis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, often the Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterium. Other potential causes include urinary tract obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, and certain genetic conditions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis typically involves a urinalysis to check for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, and red blood cells in the urine. Other diagnostic tests may include a blood test, kidney ultrasound, or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment for chronic pyelonephritis usually involves antibiotics to clear the infection. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. Long-term management may involve addressing underlying causes, such as urinary tract obstructions or vesicoureteral reflux.

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