Chloral hydrate
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral hydrate (pronounced: klor-al hy-drate) is a synthetic monohydrate of chloral, an organic compound. It is a powerful sedative and hypnotic drug that was historically used in medicine for its therapeutic properties.
Etymology
The term "chloral hydrate" is derived from the chemical compounds that make up the drug: chloral, a derivative of ethanol, and water (hydrate). The term was first used in the mid-19th century when the drug was first synthesized.
Usage
Chloral hydrate is used in medicine primarily as a sedative and hypnotic. It was historically used to treat insomnia and as a sedative before surgery or other medical procedures. However, due to its potential for abuse and the development of safer alternatives, its use has declined in recent years.
Related Terms
- Sedative: A class of drugs that reduces excitement or irritability.
- Hypnotic: A drug that induces sleep.
- Insomnia: A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.
- Ethanol: A volatile, flammable, colorless liquid that is the psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
Side Effects
Like all drugs, chloral hydrate can have side effects. These can include drowsiness, dizziness, stomach upset, diarrhea, and changes in appetite. In rare cases, it can cause serious side effects such as irregular heartbeat, mood changes, and difficulty urinating.
Precautions
Chloral hydrate should be used with caution in patients with liver disease, kidney disease, or a history of substance abuse. It should not be used in pregnant or breastfeeding women, or in children under the age of 6.
Interactions
Chloral hydrate can interact with other medications, including other sedatives, antihistamines, and certain antidepressants. It can also interact with alcohol, leading to increased sedation and potentially dangerous respiratory depression.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chloral hydrate
- Wikipedia's article - Chloral hydrate
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