Chiasmata
Chiasmata
Chiasmata (pronounced: ky-az-muh-tuh) are specific points where two homologous chromosomes physically cross over each other during the process of meiosis. The term is derived from the Greek letter 'Chi' (X), which describes the X-shaped structure formed at these points.
Etymology
The term "chiasmata" is derived from the Greek word "χιάζω" (chiázō), which means "to mark with an 'X'". This is a reference to the X-shaped structure that appears when two chromosomes cross over each other.
Function
Chiasmata hold the homologous chromosomes together, which is essential for the correct alignment on the spindle during meiosis. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome. The formation of chiasmata also allows for genetic recombination, or the exchange of genetic material between the homologous chromosomes, which contributes to genetic diversity.
Related Terms
- Homologous chromosomes: These are chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's mother; the other from the father.
- Genetic recombination: This is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
- Spindle apparatus: It is the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.
- Meiosis: It is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.
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