Charcot foot

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Charcot Foot

Charcot foot (pronounced shar-KOH), also known as Charcot arthropathy or neurogenic arthropathy, is a condition affecting the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the foot or ankle. The condition is named after the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, who first identified the disorder in the 19th century.

Etymology

The term "Charcot foot" is derived from the name of Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist who first described the condition in 1868. The term "arthropathy" comes from the Greek words "arthro-", meaning joint, and "-pathy", meaning disease.

Definition

Charcot foot is a progressive condition that typically affects those with significant nerve damage (neuropathy), such as people with diabetes. It is characterized by weakening of the bones in the foot that can occur even with minor injuries or stress. The foot may become deformed and can lead to disability if not treated early and properly.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Charcot foot may include:

  • Warmth to the touch (the affected foot feels warmer than the other)
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Pain or soreness

Causes

Charcot foot develops as a result of neuropathy, which decreases sensation and the ability to feel temperature, pain, or trauma. Because of diminished sensation, the affected individual may continue to walk—making the injury worse.

People with diabetes are particularly susceptible to Charcot foot. Prolonged high blood sugar levels can cause peripheral neuropathy, a form of nerve damage that often affects the feet.

Treatment

Treatment for Charcot foot consists of:

  • Non-surgical therapy: This is the first line of treatment and includes immobilizing the foot in a cast, or using a custom-made boot to protect the foot and ankle. Activity is limited for a period of time.
  • Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct severe deformities, particularly if the patient is unable to wear normal shoes.

Related Terms

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