Central Nervous System

The Central Nervous System (CNS) /ˈsɛntrəl ˈnɜːrvəs ˈsɪstəm/ is the primary control center of the body, responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly. It is composed of the brain and the spinal cord, the two main organs that function to process information received from the peripheral nervous system.

Etymology

The term "Central Nervous System" originates from the Latin words 'centrum' meaning center, 'nervus' meaning nerve, and 'systema' meaning a whole joined in unity. It was first used in the 19th century to describe the system that functions as the main processing center for the entire nervous system.

Structure

The CNS is divided into two main components: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the central hub of the CNS, responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information. It is further divided into several parts including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Function

The primary function of the CNS is to integrate sensory information and coordinate bodily responses. The CNS receives sensory input from the peripheral nervous system, processes this information, and then sends out instructions to the rest of the body. These instructions can result in a wide range of responses, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements or thoughts and emotions.

Related Terms

Neuron: The basic working unit of the CNS, responsible for transmitting information throughout the system.
Neurotransmitter: Chemicals used by neurons to transmit signals across a synapse.
Synapse: The junction between two neurons where information is transmitted from one to another.
Glia: Non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons in the CNS.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Central Nervous System
Wikipedia's article - Central Nervous System

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Central Nervous System