Cell envelope

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Cell Envelope

The Cell Envelope (pronunciation: /sɛl ˈɛnvəˌloʊp/) is a term used in Microbiology to describe the protective layers that surround a cell. The cell envelope typically includes the cell membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane if present.

Etymology

The term "Cell Envelope" is derived from the Latin word 'cella' meaning a small room and the French word 'enveloppe' meaning to wrap up. It is used to describe the layers that wrap up or enclose a cell.

Structure

The structure of the cell envelope can vary significantly between different types of cells. In bacterial cells, the cell envelope is usually composed of three parts: the cell membrane, the cell wall, and, in some species, an outer membrane. The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is the innermost layer and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cell wall is a rigid layer that provides structural support and protection. The outer membrane, present in some bacteria, provides an additional layer of protection.

In eukaryotic cells, the cell envelope typically includes the cell membrane and the cell wall (in plants, fungi, and some protists). Unlike bacteria, eukaryotic cells do not have an outer membrane.

Function

The cell envelope has several important functions. It provides structural support to the cell, protects the cell from physical damage, and prevents the cell from bursting due to osmotic pressure. It also controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and in some cases, it can play a role in cell adhesion and signal transduction.

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