Cation

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Cation

Cation (/ˈkæt.aɪ.ən/; from Greek: κατά, kata, meaning 'down' and ἰόν, ion, meaning 'going') is a type of ion that has a positive charge. This is due to the loss of one or more electrons, which are negatively charged particles.

Etymology

The term "cation" comes from the Greek words "kata" (meaning down) and "ion" (meaning going). This is because when a cation is formed, an electron goes down from an atom, leaving it with a positive charge.

Types of Cations

There are two main types of cations: monatomic and polyatomic. Monatomic cations are formed from a single atom, while polyatomic cations are formed from a group of atoms.

Monatomic Cations

Monatomic cations are formed when a single atom loses one or more electrons. Examples of monatomic cations include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+).

Polyatomic Cations

Polyatomic cations are formed when a group of atoms loses one or more electrons. Examples of polyatomic cations include ammonium (NH4+) and hydronium (H3O+).

Role in Biology

Cations play a crucial role in various biological processes. For instance, they are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses and the contraction of muscles. They also help maintain the acid-base balance in the body.

Role in Chemistry

In chemistry, cations are important in many reactions, particularly in acid-base reactions and redox reactions. They are also crucial in the formation of salts.

Related Terms

  • Anion: An ion with a negative charge.
  • Ion: An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons.
  • Electron: A subatomic particle with a negative charge.

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