Carotid bodies
Carotid Bodies
Carotid bodies (pronunciation: kuh-ROT-id BOD-eez) are small clusters of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery (pronunciation: kuh-ROT-id AR-ter-ee). They play a crucial role in the body's autonomic regulation of breathing.
Etymology
The term "carotid" is derived from the Greek word "karōtides" meaning "to stupefy" or "to plunge into deep sleep," referring to the effect of compressing the carotid arteries, which can lead to unconsciousness. The term "body" in this context refers to a distinct structure in the body.
Function
Carotid bodies are primarily responsible for detecting changes in the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. They also respond to changes in pH and temperature. When these chemoreceptors sense a change, they send signals to the brainstem, which then adjusts the rate of breathing to restore the balance of gases in the blood.
Related Terms
- Chemoreceptor: A sensory receptor that responds to chemical stimuli.
- Autonomic regulation: The process by which the autonomic nervous system controls bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and pupillary response.
- Brainstem: The posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord, responsible for vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Pathology
Abnormalities or diseases of the carotid bodies can lead to conditions such as carotid body tumors and hypoxia. Carotid body tumors, although rare, are usually benign and can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and a pulsating mass in the neck. Hypoxia, or low oxygen levels in the blood, can result from carotid body dysfunction and lead to shortness of breath, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Carotid bodies
- Wikipedia's article - Carotid bodies
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