Carcinomas

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Carcinomas

Carcinomas (/kɑːrsɪˈnoʊməz/; from the Greek karkinos, meaning "crab", and -oma, meaning "tumor") are a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys.

Etymology

The term "carcinoma" is derived from the Greek words karkinos, which means "crab", and -oma, which signifies a tumor. The term was coined by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, who noted the similarity between the hard, spreading tumors and the shape of a crab.

Types of Carcinomas

There are several types of carcinomas, including:

  • Basal cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of skin cancer. It begins in the basal cells, which are in the deepest part of the skin.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: This type of cancer begins in the squamous cells, which are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
  • Renal cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of kidney cancer. It begins in the cells of the small tubes in the kidney.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma: This is the most common type of liver cancer. It begins in the hepatocytes, which are the main type of cell in the liver.

Treatment

Treatment for carcinomas depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with carcinomas varies widely, depending on the type and stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Early detection and treatment often result in a better prognosis.

See Also

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