Carbonic anhydrase

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Carbonic Anhydrase

Carbonic anhydrase (pronunciation: /kɑːrˈbɒnɪk ænˈhaɪdreɪz/) is a family of enzymes that catalyze the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons (or vice versa), a chemical reaction that occurs rather slowly in the absence of a catalyst.

Etymology

The term "carbonic anhydrase" is derived from the words "carbonic", referring to carbon dioxide, and "anhydrase", which is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a water molecule from a compound.

Function

Carbonic anhydrases are crucial for the transport of carbon dioxide and protons in the blood, and are involved in the process of respiration and the transport of carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. They also play a role in the formation of acid in the stomach.

Types

There are several types of carbonic anhydrases, including CA I, CA II, CA III, and CA IV. Each type has a different location and function in the body.

Clinical Significance

Deficiencies in carbonic anhydrase can lead to a variety of disorders, including osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification, and glaucoma. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used in the treatment of glaucoma.

Related Terms

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