Calcium in biology
Calcium in Biology
Calcium (pronounced /ˈkælsiəm/, from the Latin calx, meaning 'lime') is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. In biology, calcium is a crucial regulator of various physiological and biochemical processes.
Etymology
The term "calcium" comes from the Latin calx, which means 'lime'. Lime was known to the ancient Romans as calx, and it was an important component in their building materials and industry.
Role in Biology
In biology, Calcium plays a vital role in various cellular processes. It is a key player in cellular signaling, muscle contractions, nerve impulse transmissions, and bone formation.
Cell Signaling
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential for the transmission of signals within cells. They act as a secondary messenger in many cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression and cell division.
Muscle Contraction
Calcium ions are also crucial for muscle contraction. They bind to Troponin, a protein in muscle cells, triggering a series of events that lead to muscle contraction.
Nerve Impulse Transmission
In the nervous system, calcium ions are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses. They facilitate the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft, allowing the transmission of signals from one neuron to another.
Bone Formation
Calcium is a major component of bones and teeth. It provides strength and rigidity to these structures. The process of bone formation, known as ossification, heavily relies on calcium.
Related Terms
- Calcium channel: A type of protein that allows calcium ions to pass through a cell's membrane.
- Calcium homeostasis: The regulation of calcium levels in the body.
- Hypocalcemia: A condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood.
- Hypercalcemia: A condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Calcium in biology
- Wikipedia's article - Calcium in biology
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