Brain anatomy
Brain Anatomy
Brain Anatomy (pronunciation: /breɪn əˈnætəmi/) is the study of the structure of the brain that is responsible for various functions of the body. The term originates from the Greek words 'brain' (enkephalos) and 'cutting up' (tome).
Structure
The brain is divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brainstem.
Cerebrum
The cerebrum (pronunciation: /sɪˈriːbrəm/) is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four lobes - the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. The cerebrum controls voluntary actions, speech, senses, thought, and memory.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum (pronunciation: /ˌserəˈbeləm/) is located under the cerebrum. Its main functions are to control balance, coordination, and fine muscle control.
Brainstem
The brainstem (pronunciation: /ˈbreɪnstɛm/) connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It controls many functions necessary for life, such as heart rate, breathing, and sleep cycles.
Related Terms
- Neuron: A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.
- Synapse: A synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron.
- Neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitters are the body's chemical messengers. They transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Brain anatomy
- Wikipedia's article - Brain anatomy
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