Black eye

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Black eye

A Black eye (pronounced: /blæk aɪ/), also known as a shiner or periorbital hematoma, is a bruising around the eye commonly due to an injury to the face rather than to the eye. The name is given due to the color of bruising. The so-called black eye is caused by bleeding beneath the skin and around the eye.

Etymology

The term "black eye" is derived from the dark discoloration and swelling typical of this injury, which often makes it appear as though the individual has applied black makeup around the eye. The term "shiner" is a colloquialism that also refers to the shiny, glossy appearance of a fresh bruise.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a black eye include:

  • Pain around the eye
  • Swelling around the eye
  • Discoloration (like a bruise)
  • Difficulty opening the eye due to swelling

Causes

A black eye is most commonly caused by something hitting the eye or nose. Either of these can lead to a black eye because they are both part of the facial skeleton and are close to each other. Other causes can include surgical procedures to the face, such as a facelift, jaw surgery, or nose surgery.

Treatment

Treatment for a black eye is typically conservative. Cold compresses can be applied for the first 24 hours to reduce swelling, followed by warm compresses to increase blood flow and speed healing. Over-the-counter pain medications can be used to reduce pain. If vision is affected or if pain and swelling do not improve within a few days, medical attention should be sought.

Related Terms

  • Bruise: A type of hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma.
  • Hematoma: A localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery.
  • Periorbital region: The region surrounding the eye socket.

External links

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