Biomarkers of diabetes

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Biomarkers of Diabetes

Biomarkers of diabetes (pronunciation: /ˈbaɪoʊˌmɑːrkər/ of /daɪəˈbiːtiːz/) are biological indicators that can be used to detect or monitor the progression of diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood.

Etymology

The term "biomarker" is derived from the words "biological" and "marker". The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word "diabainein", which means "to pass through", referring to the excessive amount of urine produced by individuals with the condition.

Types of Biomarkers

There are several types of biomarkers that can be used to detect or monitor diabetes. These include:

  • Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): This is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to a sugar. The higher the level of HbA1c, the higher the risk of developing diabetes-related complications.
  • Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG): This test measures the level of glucose in the blood after an overnight fast. A high FPG level may indicate diabetes.
  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): This test measures the body's ability to use glucose. It involves fasting overnight, then drinking a glucose-rich drink and measuring blood glucose levels over the next two hours.

Related Terms

  • Insulin Resistance: This is a condition in which the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into cells.
  • Prediabetes: This is a condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.
  • Type 1 Diabetes: This is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
  • Type 2 Diabetes: This is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose).

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