Biology terminology

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Biology Terminology

Biology (pronounced /baɪˈɒlədʒi/) is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. The term "biology" is derived from the Greek words "bios" (life) and "logia" (study of).

Related Terms

  • Cell (pronounced /sɛl/): The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
  • Genetics (pronounced /dʒɪˈnɛtɪks/): A branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. The term "genetics" is derived from the Greek word "genetikos" meaning "genitive" and "genesis" meaning "origin".
  • Evolution (pronounced /ˌiːvəˈluːʃən/): A process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over many generations. This is a central organizing concept in biology. The term "evolution" is derived from the Latin word "evolutio" meaning "unrolling".
  • Ecology (pronounced /iːˈkɒlədʒi/): The scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. The term "ecology" is derived from the Greek words "oikos" (house) and "logia" (study of).
  • Molecular biology (pronounced /məˈlɛkjʊlər baɪˈɒlədʒi/): The branch of biology that concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis.
  • Biochemistry (pronounced /ˌbaɪoʊˈkɛmɪstri/): The study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life.
  • Physiology (pronounced /ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/): The scientific study of the functions and mechanisms which work within a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, the focus of physiology is on how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions that exist in a living system.

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