Biological pest control

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Biological Pest Control

Biological pest control (pronunciation: /baɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl pɛst kənˈtrəʊl/) is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role.

Etymology

The term "biological pest control" is derived from the science of biology, which is the study of life and living organisms, and "pest control", which refers to the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest.

History

Biological pest control has been used for centuries. The first recorded use of an insect species to control pests comes from China, where ants were used to control pests in orchards. The practice has evolved over the years, with advances in technology and a better understanding of ecological systems enhancing its effectiveness.

Methods

There are several methods used in biological pest control:

  • Importation (or "classical biological control") involves the introduction of a pest's natural enemies to a new locale where they do not occur naturally.
  • Augmentation involves the supplemental release of natural enemies, boosting the naturally occurring populations.
  • Conservation involves maintenance and/or manipulation of the environment to protect and encourage specific natural enemies to flourish.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Biological pest control can be an environmentally friendly method of pest control. It reduces the use of chemical pesticides, which can have harmful effects on the environment and non-target species. However, it can also be slower to take effect and its success is heavily dependent on careful species selection and management.

Related Terms

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