Biodegradation
Biodegradation
Biodegradation (pronunciation: /ˌbaɪoʊdɪˈɡreɪdəʃən/) is a natural process that involves the breakdown of materials by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, or other biological means. The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, environmental remediation, and to the biodegradability of certain materials.
Etymology
The term "biodegradation" comes from the Greek word "bios" meaning "life", and the Latin "degradare", meaning "to reduce in rank or status". It was first used in the mid-20th century to describe the breakdown of substances by living organisms.
Process
Biodegradation process involves the use of enzymes produced by microorganisms to break down complex organic materials into simpler substances. This process can occur under aerobic (with oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions. The end products of biodegradation can vary depending on the material being degraded and the conditions under which the process occurs. Common end products include carbon dioxide, water, and biomass.
Factors affecting biodegradation
Several factors can affect the rate and extent of biodegradation, including the nature of the material being degraded, the presence and type of microorganisms, environmental conditions such as temperature and pH, and the availability of oxygen.
Related terms
- Bioremediation: The use of living organisms, especially microorganisms, to remove pollutants from the environment or to convert them to harmless forms.
- Composting: A method of waste disposal where organic waste decomposes naturally under oxygen-rich conditions.
- Biodegradable waste: Waste that can be broken down by other living organisms.
- Biodegradable plastic: Plastic that can be broken down by microorganisms into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Biodegradation
- Wikipedia's article - Biodegradation
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