Azoles
Azoles
Azoles (pronunciation: /ˈæzoʊlz/) are a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom and at least one other non-carbon atom (i.e., nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen) as part of the ring. Their names originate from the Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature.
Etymology
The term "azole" is a portmanteau of "azote" (an old name for nitrogen) and "ole" (indicating a five-membered ring), reflecting the structure of these compounds.
Types of Azoles
Azoles are categorized into two types:
- Imidazoles: These are azoles that have two non-carbon atoms as part of the ring. Examples include histamine, imidazole, and biotin.
- Triazoles: These are azoles that have three non-carbon atoms as part of the ring. Examples include itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole.
Medical Uses
Azoles are widely used in medicine as antifungal agents. They inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. This inhibition disrupts the integrity and function of the cell membrane, leading to the death of the fungus.
Side Effects
Like all medications, azoles can cause side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. More serious side effects can include liver damage and heart failure.
See Also
References
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