Avogadro's number
Avogadro's Number
Avogadro's number (pronounced: /ˌævəˈɡɑːdroʊz ˈnʌmbər/), also known as Avogadro's constant, is a fundamental constant of nature that defines the number of particles, such as atoms or molecules, in one mole of substance. The number is approximately 6.02214076 × 10^23 mol^−1.
Etymology
The term is named after the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who, in 1811, first proposed that the volume of a gas (at a given pressure and temperature) is proportional to the number of atoms or molecules regardless of the nature of the gas. The number was not actually determined by Avogadro himself, but was named in his honor by French physicist Jean Baptiste Perrin in the early 20th century.
Related Terms
- Mole: The mole is the unit of measurement in the International System of Units for amount of substance. One mole of a substance contains Avogadro's number of particles.
- Molar mass: Molar mass is a physical property defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by the amount of substance. The molar mass of a substance in grams per mole is numerically equal to the mass of one molecule of the substance in atomic mass units or daltons.
- Stoichiometry: Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. Avogadro's number is a key factor in stoichiometry, as it allows chemists to calculate the amount of particles in a chemical reaction.
- Avogadro's law: Avogadro's law states that, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules. This law is a specific case of the ideal gas law.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Avogadro's number
- Wikipedia's article - Avogadro's number
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