Autoclaves
Autoclaves
Autoclaves (/ɔːˈtɒklɑːvz/), derived from the Greek words 'auto' meaning 'self' and 'clave' meaning 'key', are a type of pressure chamber used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure different from ambient air pressure.
History
The concept of the autoclave was first introduced by Charles Chamberland in 1879, with the intention of sterilizing medical instruments.
Function
Autoclaves are used in medical applications, to perform sterilization; and in the chemical industry to cure coatings and vulcanize rubber and for hydrothermal synthesis. They are also used in industrial applications, especially regarding composites.
Types of Autoclaves
There are several types of autoclaves, including:
- Gravity displacement autoclaves: This is the most traditional type of autoclave, where gravity is used to displace air in the chamber with steam.
- Pre-vacuum autoclaves: These autoclaves use a vacuum to remove air from the chamber before the steam is introduced.
- Steam flush pressure pulse autoclaves: This type of autoclave uses a series of steam flushes and pressure pulses to remove air from the chamber.
Operation
The operation of autoclaves is generally performed by healthcare professionals in a hospital or laboratory setting. The process involves placing items inside the autoclave, which is then sealed and pressurized with steam to kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.
Safety
Due to the high pressure and temperature involved in the operation of autoclaves, safety measures are crucial. These include regular maintenance checks, operator training, and the use of personal protective equipment.
See Also
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