Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) /əˈtɛnʃən ˈdɪfɪsɪt haɪpərˈækˈtɪvɪti dɪsˈɔːrdər/ is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Etymology
The term "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" was first introduced in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980. The term combines "attention deficit" referring to difficulties with focus and attention, and "hyperactivity disorder" referring to excessive activity and impulsivity.
Symptoms
ADHD symptoms can be categorized into two types of behavioral problems: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inattention symptoms include being easily distracted, forgetfulness, and difficulty completing tasks. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms include restlessness, excessive talking, and acting without thinking.
Related Terms
- Hyperactivity: A state of excessive activity that may be manifested by symptoms such as fidgeting, jumpiness, nervousness, or excessive movement. It is often accompanied by difficulty concentrating or focusing on a task.
- Impulsivity: A tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences.
- Neurodevelopmental disorder: Any of a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ADHD requires a comprehensive evaluation by a licensed clinician, such as a pediatrician, psychologist, or psychiatrist with expertise in ADHD. The assessment involves gathering information from multiple sources, including parents, teachers, and other school and clinical personnel.
Treatment
Treatment for ADHD typically includes behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, and medication. The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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