Ascocarp
Ascocarp
Ascocarp (pronunciation: /ˈæsəʊkɑːrp/), also known as an ascocarpic fruiting body, is a specialized structure formed by certain fungi in the phylum Ascomycota. The primary function of the ascocarp is to produce and house the ascospores, which are the sexual spores of the fungus.
Etymology
The term "ascocarp" is derived from the Greek words "askos" meaning sac, and "karpos" meaning fruit. This refers to the sac-like structure of the ascocarp that contains the fruiting bodies of the fungus.
Structure and Function
The ascocarp is a complex multicellular structure that is formed in response to specific environmental cues. It consists of a layer of sterile hyphae that enclose a mass of fertile hyphae. These fertile hyphae differentiate into structures called asci (singular: ascus), each of which contains eight ascospores.
The ascocarp serves as a protective structure for the asci and ascospores, shielding them from environmental stressors such as desiccation and UV radiation. It also aids in the dispersal of the ascospores, which are released into the environment when the ascocarp matures and ruptures.
Types of Ascocarps
There are three main types of ascocarps: apothecium, perithecium, and cleistothecium. Each type differs in its structure and the manner in which it releases its ascospores.
- Apothecium: This is a saucer- or cup-shaped ascocarp that releases its ascospores freely into the air.
- Perithecium: This is a flask-shaped ascocarp with a small opening at the top, through which the ascospores are forcibly ejected.
- Cleistothecium: This is a completely closed ascocarp that releases its ascospores only when it ruptures or decays.
Related Terms
- Ascomycota: The phylum of fungi that produce ascocarps.
- Ascus: The sac-like structure within the ascocarp that contains the ascospores.
- Ascospore: The sexual spore produced within the ascus.
- Hyphae: The thread-like structures that make up the body of the fungus.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ascocarp
- Wikipedia's article - Ascocarp
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