Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic Aneurysm (pronunciation: /eɪˈɔːr.tɪk æn.jʊəˈrɪz.əm/) is a medical condition characterized by an enlargement (dilatation) that occurs in the aorta, the main blood vessel that delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Etymology
The term "Aortic Aneurysm" is derived from the Greek words "Aorte" meaning "that which is hung up" and "Aneurysma" meaning "dilatation".
Definition
An Aortic Aneurysm is defined as a localized or diffuse dilatation of the aorta with a diameter at least 50% greater than the normal expected diameter. It can occur anywhere along the length of the aorta, but most commonly it occurs in the abdominal section, known as an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). If it occurs in the chest area, it is known as a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA).
Symptoms
Most aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic, but can cause symptoms if they rupture or if they exert pressure on adjacent structures. Symptoms may include severe pain in the abdomen or back, shortness of breath, rapid pulse, and loss of consciousness.
Causes
The exact cause of aortic aneurysms is unknown, but risk factors include hypertension, atherosclerosis, smoking, and genetic factors such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Diagnosis
Aortic aneurysms are often found incidentally during imaging tests for other reasons. Diagnostic tests include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Treatment
Treatment depends on the size and rate of growth of the aneurysm. Small aneurysms may be monitored with regular imaging tests. Larger aneurysms may require surgery, either open surgery or endovascular repair.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Aortic Aneurysm
- Wikipedia's article - Aortic Aneurysm
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