Anthrax
Anthrax
Anthrax (/ˈænθræks/) is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax can be found naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals around the world.
Etymology
The term "Anthrax" is derived from the Ancient Greek word ἄνθραξ, meaning "coal". It is so named because cutaneous anthrax produces black skin lesions.
Pronunciation
Anthrax is pronounced as "AN-thraks".
Types of Anthrax
Anthrax infection can occur in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Each type presents with different symptoms and carries different prognoses.
- Cutaneous Anthrax: This is the most common form of anthrax infection, and it occurs when the bacteria enters a cut or abrasion on the skin. It begins as a raised itchy bump that resembles an insect bite but within 1-2 days develops into a vesicle and then a painless ulcer, usually 1-3 cm in diameter, with a characteristic black necrotic (dying) area in the center.
- Inhalation Anthrax: Also known as pulmonary anthrax, this form is contracted when anthrax spores are inhaled. Initial symptoms may resemble a common cold, but after several days, severe breathing problems and shock can occur.
- Gastrointestinal Anthrax: This form of anthrax occurs when someone eats meat from an infected animal. Initial signs of nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, and fever are followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood, and severe diarrhea.
Related Terms
- Bacillus anthracis: The bacterium that causes anthrax.
- Endospore: A dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis, which allows them to survive in harsh conditions.
- Antibiotics: Medications used to treat bacterial infections, including anthrax.
- Vaccine: A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease, such as anthrax.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Anthrax
- Wikipedia's article - Anthrax
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