Anisogamy

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Anisogamy (pronunciation: /ænɪˈsɒɡəmi/; etymology: Greek anisos "unequal" + gamos "marriage") is a fundamental concept in sexual reproduction describing the difference in size or form between male and female gametes.

Definition

Anisogamy is a form of sexual reproduction involving the union or fusion of two dissimilar gametes, which differ in size and/or form. The smaller gamete is considered to be male (sperm cell), while the larger gamete is regarded as female (egg cell).

Types of Anisogamy

There are two types of anisogamy:

  • Oogamy: A form of anisogamy which exists in humans, mammals, birds, many insects and certain plants. In this case, the female gamete (ovum) is significantly larger and non-motile, while the male gamete (sperm) is smaller and motile.
  • Isogamy with anisogametes: This is a condition where the gametes are similar in size but differ in motility.

Evolution of Anisogamy

The evolution of anisogamy is a significant point for the evolutionary transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms. Scientists propose that the appearance of anisogamy is associated with the optimization of the fertilization process, which involves the encounter, fusion, and merging of genetic material.

See Also

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