Anion
Anion
Anion (/ˈæn.aɪ.ɒn/) is a term used in Chemistry and Biology to describe a negatively charged ion. The word "anion" is derived from the Greek word "ἄνω" (ánō), meaning "up", referring to the movement of these ions against an electrochemical gradient.
Definition
An anion is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge. In other words, an anion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained electrons. Since they have more electrons, they are negatively charged. Anions are typically larger than their corresponding neutral atoms because the addition of electrons increases the size of the electron cloud.
Types of Anions
There are two main types of anions: Monatomic ions and Polyatomic ions. Monatomic ions are single atom ions such as Cl-, while polyatomic ions are composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that acts as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts.
Role in Biology
In biology, anions play crucial roles in various physiological processes. For example, Chloride ions (Cl-) are essential for maintaining acid-base balance, fluid balance, and electrolyte balance in the body. Other important biological anions include Phosphate ions (PO4 3-) and Bicarbonate ions (HCO3 -).
Role in Chemistry
In chemistry, anions are often associated with acids. For example, the Hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates into a hydrogen cation (H+) and a chloride anion (Cl-) in water. Anions are also involved in the formation of salts and ionic compounds.
Related Terms
- Cation: A positively charged ion.
- Electron: A subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge.
- Ion: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
- Ionic bond: A type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Anion
- Wikipedia's article - Anion
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