Amides

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Amides

Amides (pronounced: /ˈæmaɪdz/, /ˈæmɪdz/) are a type of organic compound that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) linked to a nitrogen atom (N). The general formula for an amide is R-CO-NR'R, where R, R', and R can be either hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups.

Etymology

The term "amide" comes from the Greek word "amidos," meaning "starch," which was first used in the 19th century. The name was given due to the similarity in chemical structure between amides and starch molecules.

Types of Amides

There are three types of amides: primary amides, secondary amides, and tertiary amides.

  • Primary Amides: These have the general formula R-CO-NH2. An example is formamide, H-CO-NH2.
  • Secondary Amides: These have the general formula R-CO-NHR'. An example is acetamide, CH3-CO-NH2.
  • Tertiary Amides: These have the general formula R-CO-NR'R. An example is dimethylformamide, H-CO-N(CH3)2.

Properties of Amides

Amides are typically solid at room temperature, but lower molecular weight amides can be liquid. They have high boiling points due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. Amides are generally unreactive, but can be hydrolyzed to produce carboxylic acids and amines under acidic or basic conditions.

Uses of Amides

Amides have a wide range of uses in various fields. They are used in the production of polyamides, which are used to make synthetic fibers like nylon. In medicine, certain amides are used as analgesics and anesthetics, such as lidocaine and paracetamol.

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