African sleeping sickness
African Sleeping Sickness
African Sleeping Sickness (pronunciation: /ˈæfrɪkən ˈsliːpɪŋ ˈsɪknɪs/), also known as Trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic disease. It is caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Trypanosoma, which are transmitted to humans by tsetse fly bites. The term "sleeping sickness" comes from the characteristic symptoms of the disease, which include fatigue and disturbances in the sleep cycle.
Etymology
The term "African Sleeping Sickness" is derived from the geographical location where the disease is most prevalent (Africa), and the characteristic symptom of excessive sleepiness. The term "Trypanosomiasis" comes from the Greek words "trypano" (borer) and "soma" (body), referring to the parasitic organisms that cause the disease.
Symptoms
The symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness are divided into two stages: the first stage (hemolymphatic phase) and the second stage (neurological phase). Symptoms in the first stage include fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching. In the second stage, the parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier, causing neurological symptoms such as changes in behavior, confusion, sensory disturbances, poor coordination, and disturbance in the sleep cycle.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of African Sleeping Sickness involves identifying the presence of the Trypanosoma parasite in the blood, lymph, or cerebrospinal fluid of the patient. This can be done through various laboratory tests such as microscopy, serological tests, and molecular techniques like PCR.
Treatment
Treatment for African Sleeping Sickness involves the use of antitrypanosomal drugs. The specific drug used depends on the species of Trypanosoma causing the infection and the stage of the disease. Drugs commonly used include Suramin, Pentamidine, Melarsoprol, and Eflornithine.
Prevention
Prevention of African Sleeping Sickness primarily involves controlling the tsetse fly population and avoiding tsetse fly bites. This can be achieved through the use of insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and regular insecticide spraying in tsetse fly-infested areas.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on African sleeping sickness
- Wikipedia's article - African sleeping sickness
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