Adenylyl cyclase

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Adenylyl cyclase (pronounced: a-den-uh-lil sy-kleys) is an important enzyme in the human body that plays a crucial role in the biochemical processes.

Etymology

The term "Adenylyl cyclase" is derived from the word "adenylate cyclase," which is another name for the same enzyme. The word "adenylate" comes from "adenine," one of the four base molecules in DNA, and "cyclase" refers to the enzyme's ability to catalyze the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP.

Function

Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in essentially all cells. It is the most polyphyletic known enzyme: six distinct classes have been described, all catalyzing the same reaction but representing unrelated gene families with no known sequence or structural homology.

Types

There are ten different forms of adenylyl cyclases in humans, numbered from AC1 to AC10. These different forms have different areas of expression and regulation, allowing for fine-tuning of the cAMP pathway.

Related Terms

  • ATP: The molecule that adenylyl cyclase converts into cyclic AMP.
  • cAMP: The molecule that is produced by the action of adenylyl cyclase on ATP.
  • G protein: A family of proteins that regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclase.
  • PKA: An enzyme that is activated by cAMP, the product of the adenylyl cyclase reaction.

See Also

External links

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