Active site
Active site
The active site is a region on an enzyme where the substrate is physically bound and undergoes a chemical reaction. This site is key to the function of the enzyme as it allows the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex, a necessary step in the enzymatic reaction.
Pronunciation
- IPA: /ˈæk.tɪv saɪt/
Etymology
The term "active site" is derived from the active role this site plays in the enzymatic reaction. The word "active" comes from the Latin "activus", meaning "active, practical" and the word "site" comes from the Latin "situs", meaning "position or place".
Structure
The active site is typically a three-dimensional cleft or crevice, formed by amino acids that are distant from each other in the linear amino acid sequence but are brought together when the protein folds into its three-dimensional structure. The active site is usually found in a pocket or groove on the enzyme surface and is known to occupy a small part of the enzyme volume.
Function
The function of the active site is to bind the substrate and catalyze its conversion into the product. This is achieved through a series of steps that constitute the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. The active site provides a unique microenvironment that facilitates the reaction, often by bringing together the substrate and certain cofactors or coenzymes that participate in the reaction.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Active site
- Wikipedia's article - Active site
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