70S ribosome

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70S Ribosome

The 70S ribosome (/ˈraɪbəˌsoʊm/; from ribonucleic acid and the Greek: σώμα, meaning body) is a type of ribosome found in prokaryotes, which are organisms that lack a cell nucleus. It is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).

Etymology

The term "70S" comes from the Svedberg unit, a non-SI unit for sedimentation rate. The Svedberg is actually a measure of time, not volume or weight, and is a measure of a particle's inherent sedimentation velocity in a centrifuge. The number 70 in the term 70S ribosome refers to the sedimentation coefficient, with S standing for Svedberg units.

Structure

The 70S ribosome is made up of two subunits: the 50S (large) subunit and the 30S (small) subunit. The 50S subunit contains the 23S rRNA and 5S rRNA molecules along with 34 proteins. The 30S subunit contains the 16S rRNA molecule and 21 proteins.

Function

The 70S ribosome is responsible for the translation of mRNA (messenger RNA) into proteins in prokaryotic cells. This process involves the decoding of the mRNA to produce a specific protein molecule, a process that is fundamental to the functioning of all living cells.

Related Terms

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